The Jurisprudential and Legal Duty and Responsibility of the State and Passive Defense Against Domestic Cultural and Social Threats
Keywords:
enforcement guarantee, Iranian law, women’s rights, international instrumentsAbstract
The Passive Defense Organization is an institution tasked with identifying threats within the target society and devising strategies to prevent or counteract them. Among the significant categories of threats are those concerning culture and social issues, whose neglect may lead to severe consequences. One of the key methods employed by foreign adversaries against any nation is the attack on its cultural and social domains, such as speech patterns, behaviors, clothing, education, upbringing, and similar areas. Societies with ancient cultures and distinctive worldviews are always at risk of such threats. A prominent example of this type of threat, which resulted in the collapse and defeat of an entire society, was the fall of Al-Andalus (Spain). After the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the establishment of a religious government based on Islamic injunctions, foreign enemies began launching threats in the field of culture and social affairs and advanced significantly in various areas. Islamic jurisprudence has long provided guidelines regarding culture and social issues for the Islamic community and has guided the Muslim nation toward safeguarding these domains. This research, which is theoretical in nature and utilizes Islamic jurisprudential data and governmental decrees through a case-study method, seeks to examine the strategic role of passive defense in countering threats by drawing on Islamic jurisprudential sources. The findings of the study indicate that Islamic jurisprudence has consistently aimed to guide the Islamic society in all times and places. Passive defense, by drawing upon these divine injunctions, can respond promptly and effectively to such threats.
References
Abd al-Malik ibn, H. (1936). Al-Sīrat al-Nabawiyyah (The Prophetic Biography). Mustafa al-Bani Press.
Amili, Z. i. A. (1989). Al-Rawdah al-Bahiyyah fi Sharh al-Lum'at al-Dimashqiyyah (The Radiant Garden in the Commentary on the Damascene Treatise). Davari Publications.
Ansari, M. i. M. A. Qā'idat Lā Darar wa al-Yad wa al-Sihhah wa al-Qur'ah (Farā'id al-Usūl) (The Rule of No Harm, the Rule of Possession, the Rule of Validity, and the Rule of Drawing Lots (Principles of Jurisprudence)). Islamic Publications Office of the Seminary Teachers Society.
Āqā Mahdavī, A. (2014). A Comparative Study of the Sources of Political Power of the Front of Disbelief and Faith in the Holy Quran. Transcendental Politics Quarterly, 2(7), 7-24.
Ashouri, D. (2017). Daneshname-ye Siyasi (Political Encyclopedia). Firoozeh Publications.
Danesh Pour, H. (2012). Mafahim va Kār Bord-e Nezami va Amniyati Etela'āt (Concepts and Military and Security Applications of Information). IRGC Curriculum Planning and Authorship Center.
Dehkhoda, A. (1946). Lughatnāme (Dictionary). University of Tehran Printing and Publications Institute.
Farāhīdī, K. i. A. (1985). Kitāb al-'Ayn (The Book of the Eye). Al-A'lami Institute for Publications.
Feyz, A. (1994). Muqāranah va Tatbīq dar Huqūq-e Jazāy-e 'Umūmī-ye Eslām (Comparison and Application in Islamic General Criminal Law). Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Publications.
Hāji Ali, F., & Mohammad Taghizadeh, M. (2013). The Jurisprudential and Legal Foundations, Principles, and Policies for the Protection of Unaccompanied and Ill-Supervised Women with an Approach to the Thoughts of Imam Khomeini (s). Matin Research Journal, 15(58).
Hakim Tabataba'i, S. M. (1989). Minhaj al-Salihin. Dar al-Ta'aruf lil-Matbou'at.
Hosseini Dashti, S. M. (2000). Ma'aref va Ma'aref (Knowledge and Luminaries). Arāyeh Cultural Institute.
Hosseini Maraghi, A. (1997). Al-'Anāwin al-Fiqhiyyah (The Jurisprudential Titles). Islamic Publishing Institute.
Huseynī Rūhānī, S. (1992). Fiqh al-Sādiq 'alayh al-salām (The Jurisprudence of Imam Sadiq). Madrasat al-Imam al-Sadiq.
Huseynī Yazdī, M. (1981). Al-Qawā'id al-Fiqhiyyah wa al-Ijtihād wa al-Taqlīd ('Ināyat al-Usūl) (The Jurisprudential Rules and Independent Reasoning and Emulation (The Care of Principles)). Firouzabadi Publications.
Ibn Fāris, A. i. F. (1979). Mu'jam Maqāyīs al-Lughah (Dictionary of the Standards of Language). Dar al-Fikr.
Ibn Idris al-Hilli, M. i. A. (2008). Mawsu'at Ibn Idris al-Hilli (Encyclopedia of Ibn Idris al-Hilli). Dalil-e Mā Publishing.
Ibn Manzūr, M. i. M. (1988). Lisān al-'Arab (The Tongue of the Arabs). Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi.
Ja'fari, A. (2006). Shive-hā-ye Kāferān dar Mobārezeh bā Payāmbar-e Eslām (s) (The Methods of Disbelievers in Fighting the Prophet of Islam). Farhang-e Kowsar Journal(68).
Ja'farī Tabrīzī, M. T. Manābi'-e Fiqh (Sources of Jurisprudence).
Kātūziān, N. (2006). Iltizāmāt Khārij az Qarārdād (Non-Contractual Obligations). University of Tehran Publications.
Khoei, A. (1989). Minhaj al-Salihin (The Path of the Righteous). Madinat al-Ilm Publishing.
Kumpānī, M. H. (1995). Al-Qawā'id al-Fiqhiyyah wa al-Ijtihād wa al-Taqlīd (Nihāyat al-Dirāyah) (The Jurisprudential Rules and Independent Reasoning and Emulation (The End of Knowledge)). Sayyid al-Shuhadā' Bookstore.
Majlisi, M. B. (1983). Bihar al-Anwar (Oceans of Lights). Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi.
Mar'ashī, M. H. (2006). Dīd Gāhhā-ye Now dar Huqūq (New Perspectives in Law). Mizan Publishing.
Marāghī, M. A. i. A. (1996). Al-'Anāwīn al-Fiqhiyyah (The Jurisprudential Titles). Islamic Publications Office of the Seminary Teachers Society.
Mohammadī, A. (1995). Qawā'id Fiqh (Jurisprudential Rules). Yalda Publishing.
Musavi Bojnourdi, H. (1998). Al-Qawā'id al-Fiqhiyyah (The Jurisprudential Rules). Al-Hadi Publishing.
Musavi Khomeini, R. (1994). Al-Bay' (The Sale). Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works.
Najafi, M. H. (1983). Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Sharā'i' al-Islam (The Jewels of Speech in the Commentary on the Laws of Islam). Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi.
Naqibi, S. A. (2014). An Examination of the Judicial Rule "Al-Hākem Walī al-Mumtana''" (The Ruler is the Guardian of the Refuser) and its Application in Family Law. Judicial Law Perspectives(66), 19-169.
Nouri, M. (2006). Features of the Current of Hypocrisy in the Prophetic Era. Ma'rifat Journal(107).
Rāghib Isfahānī, H. i. M. (1983). Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur'an (The Singularities in the Strange Words of the Quran). Dar Nashr al-Kitab.
Rashtī Najafī, M. H. Kitāb al-Ghasb (The Book of Usurpation).
Researchers, A. G. o. (2002). Mawsu'at al-Fiqh al-Islami Tabaqan li-Madhhab Ahl al-Bayt 'alayhim al-salam (Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence According to the School of the Ahl al-Bayt). Institute of Islamic Jurisprudence Encyclopedia According to the School of the Ahl al-Bayt.
Sāhib ibn 'Abbād, I. i. A. (1981). Al-Muhīt fī al-Lughah (The Ocean in Language). 'Alam al-Kitāb.
Sālihi Shāmī, M. i. Y. (1993). Subul al-Hudā wa al-Rashād fī Sīrat Khayr al-'Ibād (The Paths of Guidance and Righteousness in the Biography of the Best of Servants). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Shirtūnī, S. (1983). Aqrab al-Mawārid (The Closest Sources). Ayatollah al-Uzma Mar'ashi Najafi Publications.
Shojaei, M. (2019). Modiriyat-e Bohran va Padāfand-e Gheyr-e 'Āmel (Crisis Management and Passive Defense). Elmi Farhangi Publications.
Tavakoli, M., & Razmi, A. (2013). Osool va Mabāni-ye Padāfand-e Gheyr-e 'Āmel (Principles and Foundations of Passive Defense). Ati Negar Publishing.
Yazdāniān, A. R. (2007). Qawā'id-e 'Umūmī-ye Mas'ūliyyat-e Madanī (General Rules of Civil Liability). Mizan Publications.
Downloads
Published
Submitted
Revised
Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Abolghasem Ghorbani Pashakolaee (Author); Mehdi Mohammadian Amiri; Rahman Valizadeh (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
