Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Assessment and Determination of Punishment Effectiveness (A Comparative Study of Iran and Turkey)

Abstract

One of the functional domains of artificial intelligence (AI) is in the criminal justice process. Although international legal instruments do not contain explicit provisions granting legitimacy to the use of AI in criminal justice, criminal investigations, or preventive procedures, the role of AI in realizing criminal justice—given the rapid advancement of technology—cannot be overlooked. Turkey, as a country with a civil law–based legal structure and considerable influence from European legal systems, particularly those of France and Germany, has developed a specific framework for the determination and execution of punishments. Artificial intelligence, as one of the major technological advancements of the twenty-first century, has created new opportunities for the analysis, prediction, and optimization of criminal policy. Data analysis for assessing the effectiveness of punishments is one of the most significant applications of AI in the criminal justice system. Reducing recidivism, facilitating the offender’s reintegration into healthy social life, generating deterrence at the societal level, and ensuring offender rehabilitation and reform are among the key AI-based criteria for evaluating punishment effectiveness. Therefore, each punishment must be examined from these perspectives to determine whether it meets these objectives. Data analysis using AI enables a scientific and precise evaluation of the effectiveness of punishments. This article examines the applications of AI in analyzing the effectiveness of punishments—comparatively between Iran and Turkey—with particular emphasis on reducing recidivism rates and rehabilitating offenders.