Legal Instruments in the Transformation of Adhesion Contracts
Keywords:
adhesion contract, legal instruments, public order;, good faith, equity, abuse of rights.Abstract
Adhesion contracts, as one of the common instruments in commercial and consumer relations, while effective in expediting contractual processes, have always been accompanied by legal challenges and imbalances between the parties. This study aims to examine the legal instruments influencing the transformation of adhesion contracts and seeks to analyze ways to improve legal balance and transparency within these agreements. The present study focuses on three main areas: analyzing the legal framework and principles of adhesion contracts, identifying domestic and international legal instruments, and examining the impact of these instruments on contract transformation and the reduction of conflicts of interest. The findings indicate that a combination of contractual, judicial, and regulatory instruments can mitigate the inherent inequality of adhesion contracts and safeguard the rights of the weaker party. At the domestic level, legal and supervisory protections, along with the clarification of contractual terms, play a crucial role in preventing abuse. At the international level, judicial precedents and the policies of the European Union, as well as U.S. consumer protection laws, serve as successful examples of balancing and moderating contractual terms. This research also highlights the importance of developing legal education, enhancing parties’ awareness, and employing alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as arbitration and mediation. Ultimately, legal instruments in transforming adhesion contracts not only promote justice and transparency but also create an environment for alignment with international standards.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Akbar Garousi (Author); Mohammadreza Pirhadi; Eisa Amini, Esmail Abbasi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
