The Legal Landscape of Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing: A Study on International Legal Standards and Best Practices

Abstract

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sharing is an essential component of modern cybersecurity strategies, enabling organizations to detect, mitigate, and preempt cyber threats through collaboration. However, the exchange of CTI is hindered by a complex array of legal, operational, and security challenges that limit its effectiveness. This article explores the international legal landscape surrounding CTI sharing, examining existing treaties, conventions, and national laws that impact its flow across borders. It discusses the tension between data privacy laws, conflicting national regulations, and intellectual property concerns, which often impede the seamless exchange of threat intelligence. The article further analyzes the operational barriers to CTI sharing, including trust issues, data format complexities, and interoperability concerns, as well as the security risks of exposing sensitive information during intelligence exchanges. Key recommendations for improving CTI sharing include the development of harmonized legal frameworks, enhanced international cooperation, and the promotion of transparency, accountability, and consent in the sharing process. The article also highlights the importance of building trust between stakeholders, fostering collaboration between public and private sectors, and leveraging emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence to address both legal and operational challenges. The future of CTI sharing depends on overcoming these barriers and creating an environment where information can flow freely and securely across borders, helping organizations collectively combat the evolving threat landscape.