Legal Implications of Autonomous Vehicles in Transportation Law and Public Safety

Abstract

The rapid advancement of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has introduced a range of legal and public safety challenges that require careful examination. As AV technology continues to evolve, it holds the potential to transform transportation systems by improving road safety, reducing traffic congestion, and enhancing mobility. However, the integration of AVs into existing infrastructure raises significant legal issues, particularly regarding liability, insurance, privacy, and safety regulations. This article provides a comprehensive review of the legal implications surrounding the deployment of autonomous vehicles, focusing on their impact on transportation law and public safety. It explores key technological advancements enabling AVs, current legal frameworks that govern traffic laws, and the complexities involved in classifying AVs within existing legal categories. The article also addresses concerns related to accident management, law enforcement, and the ethical dilemmas posed by AV decision-making algorithms. Additionally, it compares regulatory approaches in different jurisdictions and examines the role of international coordination in establishing unified legal standards. Finally, the article looks ahead to future legal trends, exploring how AI and machine learning may influence transportation law and the integration of AVs with other emerging technologies such as smart cities and electric vehicles. The review concludes by proposing recommendations for legal reforms to ensure the safe and equitable integration of AVs into global transportation systems, with an emphasis on protecting public safety, privacy, and cybersecurity.